Technology | Johan Visser

MArch 2 Technology 2

MArch 2 Technology 1

This portfolio layout has been done on the website*

TECH 2 COMPONENT 1/PART B PORTFOLIO

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

HEAT - LIGHT - ACOUSTIC

ALL SIMULATIONS AND CALCULATIONS ARE MADE
USING GRASSHOPPER SCRIPTS FOR RHINO

WEATHER DATA FILES ARE IMPORTED
FROM THE BUILT IN EPW DATA SYSTEM

NOTE:

"THE BOX"

IS A SIMPLIFIED FORM REPRESENTING THE CONCEPT DESIGN OF A COMMUNITY SPACE

It acts as a starting point of discourse to better understand the environments impact on a space and pursue an innovative design fitting for its context

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN IS DEPICTED ACROSS THREE ASPECTS - HEAT LIGHT AND SOUND

The project location is Cape Coral, Florida, USA. This region can be argued to have been erected from a capitalistic mindset. Resulting in housing that have neglected its design response to function, program and use. This urban sprawl occurred during the 1950's and the housing can be described as repetitive with "box" type features and will therefore be argued from a form as such.

Dimensions of "THE BOX" @ SCALE 1:1 46m x 39m x 8m

North

PROJECT LOCATION

CAPE CORAL, FLORIDA, USA

Videos demonstrate the movement of the sun in relation to the space

DAYS IN MONTH

sun positions

MONTHS IN YEAR

sun positions

HOURS IN DAY

sun positions

Perspective of "THE BOX" - Solar Simulation & Analysis

Image shows wind rose of the annual wind speed and direction

Observations were made on the impact of external winds to be expected over the course of one year. Note: Extreme hurricane conditions are evident in this region and occurs every 3 years.

Conclusions are that +- ENE are dominant annual wind directions, WSW have the least annual winds. ENE winds achieve +- 4 m/s for the larger part of the year. +- 13 m/s speeds are expected

Recommendations account for ENE winds. Manipulate ENE facade to be more resistant or aerodynamic. Compensate over all structure to be suitable for hurricane conditions. Structure could be temporary to allow for assembling and dissembling when evacuation occurs.

Wind rose information - Solar Simulation & Analysis

HEAT

Image shows the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) in Celsius on a plan in a grid format

North

Observations were made on the impact of MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature), air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Information average collected over 1 - 20 years. Note: Prevailing wind directions and hurricane conditions are not simulated in this example.

"THE BOX"

Master Plan

N

Celsius

Conclusions are that higher temperatures are achieved in areas with less wind such as on the N boundary in this simulation, impact of ENE prevailing winds should be taken into account regarding this effect. Shadows around the building potentially decreases the UTCI, seen on immediate boundaries N, E and W. Desirable UTCI measurement would be 22℃ around the building. Reduce and regulate UTCI temperature along boundary of building would be preferable.

Recommendations would be to add more curved walls and overhangs around the boundary to create more shadows and circulate wind around the building. Doing so would potentially reduce and regulate UTCI temperatures, N and S boundaries in particular. Impact of ENE prevailing winds would however slighlty change this outcome.

Grid = +-10m x 10m squares

S

LIGHT

Image shows the amount of light in hours over a year that enters the space divided into a square grid

Observations were made as to how direct sun light is distributed in relation to time over the course of a year (8760hrs p/a) onto the internal floor area. Note: Glass facades are incorporated into the N and S boundaries.

North

INSERT N GLASS FACADE

Floor Plan

"THE BOX"

Edge of north facade receives +- 1500 hours per year

+- 1000 hours per year

+- 500 hours per year

+- 300 hours per year

Centre of space receives +- 300 hours per year

+- 300 hours per year

+- 500 hours per year

+- 2000 hours per year

+- 2900 hours per year

Edge of south facade receives +- 3000 hours per year

Conclusions are that more light could be incorporated into the centre of the space. Surplus sunlight at N and S facades should be reduced. More light required at E and W space.

Recommendations would be to manipulate and vary facade boundaries. Skylights could be incorporated to allow more light to reach the core. Overhangs could be included to reduce harsh sunlight at N and S facades.

Hours

INSERT S GLASS FACADE

ACOUSTIC

Videos demonstrate the movement of sound in particles for the internal space

PERFORMANCE SPACE

Section

Observations were made as to how sound particles react in the space to improve acoustic comfort for both the speaker and listener.

Second 0 = Sound particles initiates movement form point of interest

Second 2 = First bounce from 'ceiling' projected a spherical shape downwards

Second 4 = Linear dispersion of particles

Second 6 = Linear repetition of particles

Second 8 = Evident patterns start to dissolve

Second 10 = Sound particles dissolved

"THE BOX"

PERFORMANCE SPACE

Conclusions are that the rectilinear nature of the space allows the particles to move in an interval or segment like nature. This would result in a low performance acoustic environment.

Recommendations would be to have a space disperse sound particles more irregular and dense to achieve a surround sound like effect. Manipulating the rectilinear 'ceiling' shape into a concave feature would displace particles into a linear and diagonal downward trajectory, to achieve more evenly distribution of particles. Including wall features to be curved or divided into irregular shapes would potentially allow for an increase in randomised particular movement.

Floor Plan

North

Second 0 = Sound particles initiates movement form point of interest

Second 2 = First bounce from 'ceiling' projected a spherical shape downwards

Second 4 = Linear dispersion of particles

Second 6 = Linear repetition of particles

Second 8 = Evident patterns start to dissolve

Second 10 = Sound particles dissolved

"THE BOX"

TRANSFORMATION SUMMARY

Heat, Light and Acoustic

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

HEAT - LIGHT - ACOUSTIC

UTCI average to decrease.

Overhang and curved walls to be integrated to reduce outdoor heat.

Aerodynamic features to be included to reduce UTCI.

Segmented wall intervals considered for acoustic performance.

Concave ceiling features for acoustic performance.

Skylights to be considered for increase in direct sunlight.

Curved glass facades and overhang to be considered for shading.

Spherical overall shape to be considered for acoustic performance.

Protection from ESE prevailing winds.

Temporary structure to be considered.

Heat

Light

Acoustic

"THE CONCEPT"

IS AN ADVANCED FORM REPRESENTING THE CONCEPT DESIGN OF A COMMUNITY SPACE

It acts as development for discourse to better understand the environments impact on a space and pursue an innovative design fitting for its context

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN IS DEPICTED ACROSS THREE ASPECTS - HEAT LIGHT AND SOUND

The project location is Cape Coral, Florida, USA. This region can be argued to have been erected from a capitalistic mindset. Resulting in housing that have neglected its design response to function, program and use. This urban sprawl occurred during the 1950's and the housing can be described as repetitive with "box" type features and will therefore be argued from a form as such.

Dimensions of "THE CONCEPT" @ SCALE 1:1 +- 46m x 39m x 8m

HEAT

Image shows the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) in Celsius on a plan in a grid format

Observations were made on the impact of MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature), air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity. Information average collected over 1 - 20 years. Note: Prevailing wind directions and hurricane conditions are not simulated in this example.

North

Master Plan

N

Grid = +-10m x 10m squares

S

"THE CONCEPT"

Conclusions are that higher temperatures are achieved in areas with less wind such as on the N and S boundary. The effect of shadows around the building decreases the UTCI. The curved shape and overhangs achieve more shadows around the immediate boundary of the building. Desirable UTCI measurement would be 22℃ around the building. Reduce and regulate UTCI temperature along boundary of building.

Recommendations would be to add a body of water around the building to reduce and regulate UTCI temperatures.

Celsius

Colour grading and data from chart might slightly differ due to new geometry input*

Observations were made as to how direct sun light is distributed in relation to time over the course of a year (8760hrs p/a) onto the internal floor area. Note: Glass facades are incorporated into the N and S boundaries.

North

LIGHT

Image shows the amount of light in hours over a year that enters the space divided into a square grid

INSERT N GLASS FACADE

Floor Plan

"THE CONCEPT"

Edge of north facade receives +- 1700 hours per year

+- 1300 hours per year

+- 800 hours per year

+- 500 hours per year

+- 800 hours per year

+- 1300 hours per year

+- 800 hours per year

Centre of space receives +- 1300 hours per year

+- 800 hours per year

+- 1000 hours per year

+- 1700 hours per year

+- 800 hours per year

+- 1300 hours per year

+- 2000 hours per year

+- 2900 hours per year

Edge of south facade receives +- 3000 hours per year

Conclusions are that more light incorporated into the centre of the space was achieved with an additional 1000 hours of sunlight. Surplus sunlight at N and S facades are reduced. E and W spaces would need more light.

Recommendations would be to investigate glass type to further improve the amount of sunlight entering the building. Reflecting outdoor surfaces could be considered to increase light exposure.

Hours

INSERT S GLASS FACADE

Colour grading and data from chart might slightly differ due to new geometry input*

ACOUSTIC

Videos demonstrate the movement of sound in particles for the internal space

PERFORMANCE SPACE

Observations were made as to how sound particles react in the space to improve acoustic comfort for both the speaker and listener.

Section

Second 0 = Sound particles initiates movement form point of interest

Second 2 = First bounce from 'ceiling' projected a horizontal pattern downwards

Second 4 = Spherical dispersion of particles

Second 6 = Irregular waved repetition of particles

Second 8 = Evident randomised patterns start to dissolve

Second 10 = Sound particles dissolved

"THE CONCEPT"

Conclusions are that the spherical nature of the space allows the particles to move in an irregular evenly dispersed pattern. Irregular wall segments increases randomised pattern. This results in a high performance acoustic environment.

Recommendations would be to investigate the reverberation of particles on the wall surface (frequency/bounces absorbed by wall) to further improve the acoustic performance for internal spaces. External sound could also be considered with reverberation testing on exterior skin of the structure.

PERFORMANCE SPACE

Floor Plan

North

Second 0 = Sound particles initiates movement form point of interest

Second 2 = First bounce from 'ceiling' projected a horizontal pattern downwards

Second 4 = Spherical dispersion of particles

Second 6 = Irregular waved repetition of particles

Second 8 = Evident randomised patterns start to dissolve

Second 10 = Sound particles dissolved

"THE CONCEPT"

FINAL

Dimensions of "FINAL CONCEPT" @ SCALE 1:1 +- 46m x 39m x 8m

Final concept design of community centre

Rendered perspective of "FINAL CONCEPT"

BIBLIOGRAPHY

K. Van der Linden, A. C. Boerstra, A. K. Raue, and S. R. Kurvers, “Thermal indoor climate building performance characterized by human comfort response,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 737–744, 2002.
T. Stathopoulos, H. Wu, and J. Zacharias, “Outdoor human comfort in an urban climate,” Building and Environment, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 297–305, 2004.
B. Givoni, M. Noguchi, H. Saaroni et al., “Outdoor comfort research issues,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 77–86, 2003.
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2004.
S. Atthajariyakul and T. Leephakpreeda, “Neural computing thermal comfort index for HVAC systems,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 46, no. 15-16, pp. 2553–2565, 2005.
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L. Serres, A. Trombe, and J. Miriel, “Solar fluxes absorbed by the dweller of glazed premises. Influence upon the thermal comfort equation,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 478–488, 2001.
M. Prek, “Thermodynamical analysis of human thermal comfort,” Energy, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 732–743, 2006.
S. Yilmaz, S. Toy, and H. Yilmaz, “Human thermal comfort over three different land surfaces during summer in the city of Erzurum, Turkey,” Atmosfera, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 289–297, 2007.
H. Mayer, J. Holst, and F. Imbery, “Human thermal comfort within urban structures in a central European city,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Urban Climate, Yokohama, Japan, June-July 2009.
Y. Epstein and D. S. Moran, “Thermal comfort and the heat stress indices,” Industrial Health, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 388–398, 2006.
C. Deb and A. Ramachandraiah, “The significance of physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in outdoor thermal comfort studies,” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 2825–2828, 2010.
S. Thorsson, F. Lindberg, I. Eliasson, and B. Holmer, “Different methods for estimating the mean radiant temperature in an outdoor urban setting,” International Journal of Climatology, vol. 27, no. 14, pp. 1983–1993, 2007.